1 Eradication of these pathogens from the pulp and root canal space by means of cleaning, shaping, disinfecting and complete obturation is necessary to safeguard the health of the periodontal tissues from endodontic infection and subsequent breakdown. It is well described that the presence of microbial flora in the pulp space of the tooth, and the inability of the immune system to remove these pathogens, are the major sources of peri-apical and radicular inflam-mation. IVBDS, MDent (Prosthodontics) (Wits), Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. IIIBChD, PG Dip Dent (Endo), MSc (Pret), Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. IIBChD, PG Dip Dent (Endo), PG Dip Dent (Aesthet Dent), MSc, PhD (Pret), Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. IBChD, PG Dip Dent (Endo) (Pret), Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Root canal preparation with reciprocating instruments - A literature review and clinical applicationĬ Victor I PJ van der Vyver II M Vorster III ZI Vally IV

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